An evaluation of bilingual education curriculum effectiveness in Nigerian primary schools
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Background of the Study
Bilingual education curricula are designed to promote language proficiency and academic achievement by integrating instruction in two languages. In Nigerian primary schools, such curricula are implemented to address the linguistic diversity of the student population. The effectiveness of these curricula depends on factors such as teacher competence, resource availability, and the degree to which the curriculum reflects both local cultural values and global educational standards (Olubunmi, 2023). Research indicates that well-designed bilingual curricula can enhance cognitive flexibility and improve academic outcomes; however, challenges such as inadequate training and resource constraints often undermine these potential benefits (Chinwe, 2024). In many schools, the curriculum is adapted to meet the linguistic needs of both indigenous languages and English, yet implementation varies widely across regions. This variability raises questions about the overall impact of bilingual education on student learning and language retention. The current study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of bilingual education curricula by assessing academic performance, language proficiency, and teacher and student perceptions. It aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for optimizing curriculum design and implementation in Nigerian primary schools (Ekene, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite the widespread adoption of bilingual education curricula in Nigerian primary schools, significant challenges persist regarding their effectiveness. Inconsistencies in teacher training, resource allocation, and curriculum implementation have led to variable academic outcomes and language proficiency levels (Olubunmi, 2023). Some schools demonstrate promising results, while others struggle with low student engagement and poor performance (Chinwe, 2024). This disparity suggests that the current curriculum may not adequately address the diverse linguistic needs of students. The lack of standardized evaluation methods further complicates efforts to measure the curriculum’s impact. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to these challenges and propose actionable strategies to enhance the effectiveness of bilingual education curricula (Ekene, 2025).
Objectives of the Study:
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To evaluate the effectiveness of the current bilingual education curriculum.
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To identify challenges in curriculum implementation.
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To recommend strategies for curriculum improvement.
Research Questions:
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How effective is the bilingual curriculum in enhancing language proficiency?
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What challenges do educators face in implementing the curriculum?
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Which strategies can improve curriculum outcomes?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it provides critical insights into the strengths and weaknesses of bilingual education curricula in Nigerian primary schools. Its findings will inform educators and policymakers about effective curriculum design and resource allocation, ultimately improving student academic performance and language proficiency (Olubunmi, 2023; Chinwe, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to evaluating bilingual education curricula in Nigerian primary schools and does not extend to secondary or tertiary education.
Definitions of Terms:
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Bilingual education curriculum: A structured instructional program that uses two languages for teaching.
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Academic achievement: The measurable performance outcomes of students.
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Primary schools: Institutions providing elementary education.
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